演講摘要 | Abstracts
主要講題 | Main Talks
所有生物最具高動機所驅動之行為-繁殖-對動物福利之影響
The welfare outcomes associated with the most highly motivated behavior in all life forms: reproduction
演講者Speaker: Dr. David Powell
繁殖可以說是所有生物形式中最具動機的行為之一；然而，在動物園和水族館中，為了個體和族群的福利原因，必須管理繁殖。此外，從尋找配偶和選擇配偶到生產和養育後代的各個階段，在繁殖過程中動物可能暫時經歷正面和負面福利狀態的各種風險。例如，參與配偶選擇行為可能使動物在選擇配偶方面具有一定程度的自主權，但也可能與競爭、受傷甚至死亡相關。在這次演講中，我將試圖對繁殖過程的所有階段的正面和負面福利風險進行全面性的評估，以呈現總體上繁殖對個體福利以及族群福利或永續性具有淨積極影響。
Reproduction is arguably the most highly motivated behavior in all life forms; however, reproduction must be managed in zoos and aquariums for individual and population welfare reasons. Further, the various stages of the reproductive process, from mate searching & mate choice to production and rearing of offspring, present various risks of the animal experiencing both positive and negative welfare states, at least temporarily. For example, engaging in mate selection or mate choice behavior may give the animals some degree of choice over who they mate with but may also be associated with competition, injury, or even death. In this talk, I’ll attempt to make at least a general accounting of the risks of positive and negative welfare risks of all phases of the reproductive process in an attempt to demonstrate that, in general, reproduction has a net positive impact on individual welfare as well as population welfare or sustainability.
動物福利: 增進人為圈養物種繁殖的考量
Animal welfare: Considerations for enhancing reproduction of species in human care
演講者Speaker: Dr. Christopher Tubbs
在評估和管理我們照顧的動物的繁殖健康時，有時可能會遇到困難，而未能進行適當管理可能會對動物福利產生負面影響。除了動物園和水族館面臨的常見挑戰，例如族群數量少和基因多樣性有限之外，其他旨在造福動物的管理實踐（例如飲食選擇）可能會對物種的生育力產生負面影響。然而，有越來越多的科學工具可用於評估動物的繁殖健康和福利，並且逐漸有方法可用於干預以提高繁殖成功率。在這次演講中，我將突出我們如何評估我們照顧的動物的繁殖健康和福利的方法，最重要的是，我們如何將所獲得的信息轉化為改善管理和繁殖成功。
Properly assessing and managing the reproductive health of animals in our care can sometimes prove difficult, and failure to do so may have negative consequences on animal welfare. In addition to common challenges faced in zoos and aquaria, such as small population numbers and limited genetic diversity, other management practices intended to benefit animals (e.g., dietary choices) can have a negative effect on species’ fertility. However, there are a growing number of scientific tools available to assess animal reproductive health and welfare and approaches are becoming increasingly available to intervene to improve reproductive success. In this talk, I will highlight methods by which we can evaluate the reproductive health and welfare of animals in our care and, most importantly, how we can translate the information gained into improved management and reproductive success.
過剩動物管理中的動物福利疑慮
Welfare Concerns for Managing Surplus Animals
演講者Speaker: Dr. Heather Browning
為了物種典藏和保育目的進行的族群管理工作有時可能會導致繁殖出過剩的動物。雖然有不同的方法來管理這些過剩的動物，例如在現場飼養牠們、將牠們轉移到其他動物園、野放牠們以及安樂死，但這些方法可能會引起許多挑戰，包括福利問題。在這次演講中，我將評估不同選擇對福利的影響，包括對過剩動物自身福利的影響、對園內其他動物的影響，以及對相關的人（例如飼育員或社會大眾）的影響。我將重點討論與「管理需求上的安樂死」(即為人道撲殺)實踐相關的福利傷害和利益，以及與做出這些決定相關的道德復雜性。
Population management efforts for collection and conservation purposes can sometimes result in the breeding of animals that are surplus to requirements. While there are different ways of managing these surplus animals – such as keeping them on site, moving them to other zoos, releasing them to the wild, and culling – these can raise many challenges, including welfare concerns. In this talk I will assess the welfare impacts of the different options, including the impacts on the welfare of the surplus animals themselves, on other animals in the collection, and also on the people who are affected (such as keepers, or members of the public). In particular I will focus on the welfare harms and benefits associated with the practice of ‘management euthanasia’ (i.e. humane culling) and the ethical complexities attached to making these decisions.
動物園的動物運輸不只是抵達時的存活率!
Zoological animal transport means more than arriving alive!
演講者Speaker: Rachél Watkins Rogers
這個演講將展示各種動物園物種的運輸案例，突顯動物園如何考慮福利。從蜂鳥到大象，動物運輸對動物園來說是日常業務的一部分，用來管理他們展出的動物群體。
了解運輸如何依賴於運輸規劃、機構合作夥伴、商業運輸合作夥伴、在途監控運輸，以及為了動物園目的運輸動物所需的許多許可證。
This presentation will show case studies of various shipments of zoological species that highlight how zoos keep welfare in mind. From Hummingbirds to Elephants, animal transport is important for zoos as a part of their daily business to manage the populations of animals they exhibit.
Learn how transport is dependent on strategic planning, agency partners,
commercial transport partners, monitoring of the shipment in-transit, or the
many permits it can take to ship an animal for zoological purposes.
主題短講 | Short Talks
責任與法規：台灣動物展演業的動物運輸
Responsibility and Regulations: Animal Transport in Taiwan’s Animal Exhibition Industry
演講者Speaker: 曾文翰 Wen Han Tseng
執行動物的運輸是一個需要極度細心注意的過程，從事前的計劃制定，到運輸的執行，以及後續的檢視，每一個步驟的調整都可能對動物的福祉造成重大影響。糟糕的操作可能導致動物的生命危險。在台灣，執行動物的運輸必須遵守《動物運送管理辦法》的規定。這部法律的制定正是因為曾經發生過一起嚴重的動物運輸失誤事件，造成一隻河馬的死亡，引起了公眾對動物運輸議題的關注。該法律規範了運輸過程需要有完善的計劃，並由受過專業訓練的人員執行。在整個運輸過程中，必須確保動物能夠滿足其基本的福利需求。然而，除了法律的規定外，操作技巧也是非常重要的一環。例如，降低動物在運輸過程中受到壓力或其他可能造成身體傷害的風險。運送人員對動物的了解程度也是確保運輸安全的關鍵因素。本簡報將簡要介紹《動物運送管理辦法》及可能遇到的問題，以及國內和國際運輸所需的文件和程序，以幫助未接受專業訓練的人了解動物運輸的基本概念。
Transporting animals demands meticulous attention at every stage, from pre-planning to execution and thorough post-operation review. Each phase holds the potential to significantly impact animal welfare, and poor handling can pose life-threatening risks to the animals. In Taiwan, the transport of animals is governed by the regulations set forth in the Animal Transportation Management Act. The inception of this law stemmed from a severe incident of animal transport failure, resulting in the death of a hippo, prompting public concern about animal transport issues. The Act mandates rigorous planning and execution overseen by trained professionals throughout the transportation process, ensuring the fundamental welfare requirements of the animals are diligently upheld. In addition to legal regulations, operational skills are crucial. For example, stress reduction during transport and mitigation of potential physical hazards are important considerations. The understanding of animals by transport personnel is also paramount for safe transportation. This presentation will provide a concise overview of the Animal Transportation Management Act, potential issues encountered throughout the transport process, as well as the necessary documentation and procedures for domestic and international transport. Assisting individuals without professional training in understanding the basic concepts of animal transportation.
展演業的動物辨識方式以及流向追蹤機制
Identification Methods and Development of Tracking Systems for Individual Animals in Zoos
演講者Speaker: 黃建宸 Chien-Chen Huang
在動物園及展演業者的圈養條件下，必須要透過外觀、晶片、腳環等方式來辨識同種內不同動物個體，才能了解族群動態以及確保所有個體皆受到良好的照養。另一方面，動物若從進口至臺灣開始，就透過特定方式進行標記，且動物的後續流向透過統一系統來登錄，對輸入商以及動物購買業者而言更能確保動物個體的正確性；對中央主管機關而言也能了解動物實際送往何處，確保動物福利被最大程度保障。本短講將著重於世界各國國內的現行流向追蹤規範，以及動物園普遍使用的動物辨識方式介紹。
Under the captive conditions of zoo industries, it is necessary to identify individual animals of the same species through methods such as morphological appearance, microchips, and leg bands. This is essential for understanding population dynamics and ensuring the well-husbandry of all individuals. On the other hand, if animals were marked in specific methods when they are imported into Taiwan, and their subsequent movements were recorded through a unified system, the process could ensures the accuracy of individual animals for importers and animal purchasers. It also allows the central authorities to understand where the animals are actually sent, ensuring that animal welfare is maximally safeguarded. This brief talk will focus on current regulations for tracking the flow of animals domestically in various countries worldwide, as well as an introduction to the methods commonly used for animal identification in zoo industries.
科學化規劃繁殖配對：PMx軟體簡介
Science-based Reproduction Planning: An Introduction to the PMx Software
演講者Speaker: 劉晉廷 Jin-Ting Liu
待確認TBC
不同展示手法在族群管理上面臨的動物福利挑戰
Animal Welfare Challenges in Population Management under Different Exhibition Practies
演講者Speaker: 陳忠澤博士 Dr. Chung-Tse Chen
在進行動物展示及族群管理時，動物福利應該是執行時的最高考量，本次短講引用相關科學研究結果，說明動物福利於動物展示和族群管理的重要性。在展示手法方面，我們將強調允許動物表現自然行為的重要性，包括滿足動物習性的欄舍設計、鼓勵自然覓食行為的展現以及提供動物選擇的重要。 而在進行族群管理時，除了提供動物適當的社交空間及選擇、確保圈養空間的動物密度良好，動物發情期間的生理變化及行為需求亦是重要的動物福利考量因子。預計透過本次短講，與相關從業人員分享動物福利研究進展及議題，提升臺灣展演動物的動物福祉。
Within the scope of animal exhibition and population management, animal welfare should be the paramount consideration during execution. This presentation will reference pertinent scientific research to underscore the significance of animal welfare in animal exhibition and population management. Regarding exhibition methods, we will stress the importance of designing enclosures that align with animal behavior needs, promoting natural foraging behaviors, and affording animals choices. In population management, providing suitable social space and choice for animals, maintaining appropriate animal density, and considering animal welfare during estrus periods, physiological changes, and behavioral needs are critical. Through this presentation, we aim to disseminate advancements in animal welfare research, raise awareness of pertinent issues to relevant stakeholders, and enhance the welfare of exhibition animals in Taiwan.